990s

Europe

• June 15 – Empress Theophanu dies of an illness at Nijmegen and is buried in the Church of Saint Pantaleon in Cologne. Empress Adelaide of Italy assumes regency over her grandson, the 10-year-old King Otto III.
• Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus, conquers the Castle of Montemor-o-Velho (modern Portugal). Expanding the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba.
• The city of Lund in Sweden is founded during the reign of the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard (approximate date).

Africa

• The Ghana Empire takes the Berber town of Aoudaghost (modern Mauritania) as the West African nation makes further gains.
• Construction of the Al-Hakim Mosque by orders of the Fatimid vizier Gawar Al-Siqilli begins in Cairo (modern Egypt).

Religion

• June – The Pax Ecclesiae, an edict by the Catholic Church is promulgated. Held at three synods in different parts of southern and central France – at Charroux, Narbonne and Puy – attempting to outlaw acts of war against non-combatants and the clergy.

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