300s (decade)
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
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The 300s decade ran from January 1, 300, to December 31, 309.
Events
300
By place
Roman Empire
- The Franks penetrate into what is now northern Belgium (approximate date).
- The city of Split is built.
- The Camp of Diocletian is built in Palmyra.
- A Romano-Celtic temple-mausoleum complex is constructed in what is now Lullingstone, and also in Anderitum (approximate date).
Asia
- The lion becomes extinct from Armenia (approximate date).
- The Yayoi period ends in Ancient Japan (approximate date).
- Wootz steel is developed in India (approximate date).
- The Kama Sutra, an Indian handbook on the art of sexual love, is probably produced around this time by the sage Vatsyayana.
Africa
- The elephant becomes extinct in North Africa (approximate date).
- The Atlas wild ass becomes extinct (approximate date).
America
- The Formative/Preclassic period in Mesoamerica comes to an end (around this year).
- The Mayan civilization reaches its most prolific period, the classic period, in what is now Guatemala, Belize and parts of southern Mexico adjacent to the former two. During most of this period, Tikal dominates the Mayan world.
By topic
Arts and sciences
- The magnetic compass for navigation is invented in China (approximate date).
- The Panchatantra, a Sanskrit collection of fables and fairy tales, is written in India.
- The Tetrarchs are probably made in Egypt. After 330 they are moved to Constantinople and in 1204 they are installed at the corner of the facade of the St Mark's Basilica, Venice (approximate date).
- Diocletian's Palace, Split, Croatia, is built. Its model is nowadays kept at the Museo della Civilta Romana, Rome.
Religion
- Peter of Alexandria becomes Patriarch of Alexandria.
- Possible date of the Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209 and Codex Sinaiticus, manuscripts of the Bible written in Greek.
- Tiridates III makes his kingdom of Armenia the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion.
- Approximate date of the Synod of Elvira in Elvira, Spain, which prohibits interaction with Jews, pagans, and heretics.
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East Asia
In Yamato (Japan), the Kofun period dominated during this decade. It was an animistic culture which existed prior the introduction of Buddhism. A legend of the 4th century Prince Yamato Takeru alludes to the borders of the Yamato and battlegrounds in the area. A frontier was obviously somewhere close to the later Izumo province (the eastern part of today's Shimane prefecture). Another frontier, in Kyūshū, was apparently somewhere north of today's Kumamoto prefecture. The legend specifically states that there was an eastern land in Honshū "whose people disobeyed the imperial court", against whom Yamato Takeru was sent to fight. That rivalling country may have been located rather close to the Yamato nucleus area itself, or relatively far away. The today Kai province is mentioned as one of the locations where prince Yamato Takeru sojourned in his said military expedition.
Northern frontier of this age was also explained in Kojiki as the legend of Shido Shogun's (四道将軍: Shoguns to four ways) expedition. Out of four shoguns, Ōbiko set northward to Koshi and his son Take Nunakawawake set to eastern states. The father moved east from northern Koshi while the son moved north on his way, and they finally met at Aizu (current western Fukushima). Although the legend itself is not likely to be a historical fact, Aizu is rather close to southern Tōhoku, where the north end of keyhole kofun culture as of late 4th century is located.
Deaths
- Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor. Died in 306.
- Flavius Valerius Severus, Roman emperor. Died in 307.