2018 Asian Games

XVIII Asian Games
Official emblem of the 2018 Asian Games.
Host city Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia[1]
Motto "Energy of Asia"[2]
(Indonesian: Energi Asia)
Nations participating 45
Athletes participating 11,720
Events 465 in 40 sports[3]
Opening ceremony 18 August[4]
Closing ceremony 2 September
Officially opened by Joko Widodo
President of Indonesia
Officially closed by Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah
President of the Olympic Council of Asia
Athlete's Oath Arki Dikania Wisnu
Judge's Oath Wahyana
Torch lighter Susi Susanti
Main venue Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium[5]
Website Official website
<  Incheon 2014 Hangzhou 2022  >

The 2018 Asian Games (Indonesian: Pesta Olahraga Asia 2018, Asian Games 2018), officially known as the 18th Asian Games and also known as Jakarta–Palembang 2018, was a pan-Asian multi-sport event held from 18 August to 2 September 2018 in the Indonesian cities of Jakarta and Palembang.

For the first time, the Asian Games were co-hosted in two cities; the Indonesian capital of Jakarta (which is hosting the Games for the first time since 1962), and Palembang, the capital of the South Sumatera province. Events were held in and around the two cities, including venues in Bandung and some places in the provinces of West Java and Banten. The opening and closing ceremonies of the Games were held at Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta. Also for the first time, eSports and canoe polo were contested as demonstration sports.

China led the medal tally for the tenth consecutive time. North Korea and South Korea march under the Korean Unification Flag at the opening ceremony and for the first time competed as a unified team in some events. They also won one—and first—gold medal as a unified team. Japanese swimmer Rikako Ikee was announced as the most valuable player (MVP) of the Games. There were 6 world, 18 Asian and 86 Asian Games records broken during the Games.[3]

Bidding process

The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) originally planned to hold these Games in 2019 rather than 2018, so that Asian Games would be held in the year immediately before the 2020 Summer Olympics instead of two years before. After they were awarded to Indonesia, the OCA backtracked on these plans and kept the Games in 2018, so that they will not interfere with the 2019 Indonesian general elections.[6][7]

Initial bidding

Hanoi, Vietnam was originally selected to be the host after they won the bid against two other candidates, Surabaya and Dubai. They were awarded the winning bid on 8 November 2012, with 29 votes against Surabaya's 14 votes.[8] Dubai pulled out at the last minute, instead announcing their intention to focus on future bids. The UAE's National Olympic Committee's vice-president denied any pullout and claimed that Dubai "did not apply for hosting 2019 Asian Games" and had "only considered" doing so.[9][10][11]

However, in March 2014, there were some concerns about Vietnam's ability to host. These included concerns over whether the anticipated budget of US$150 million was realistic. There were claims that the government would eventually spend over US$300 million. In addition, critics were concerned that several stadiums built in conjunction with 2003 Southeast Asian Games had not been utilized since.[12] Former chairman of the Vietnam Olympic Committee Ha Quang Du also claimed that hosting the Asian Games would not boost tourism in Vietnam.[13]

On 17 April 2014, the Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng officially announced Hanoi's withdrawal from hosting, citing unpreparedness and economic recession as the main reasons for the withdrawal, saying "they have left the country unable to afford the construction of facilities and venues".[14] Many Vietnamese people supported the decision to withdraw.[15] No penalty was imposed for the withdrawal.[16]

Appointment of Jakarta and Palembang

After Hanoi's withdrawal, the OCA said that Indonesia, China, and the United Arab Emirates were major candidates under consideration to host.[17] Indonesia was widely regarded as a favourite, since Surabaya was the runner-up of the previous bid,[18] and willing to do so if selected.[19] The Philippines[20] and India expressed their interest about hosting the Games, but India failed to submit a late bid because it was unable to get an audience with Prime Minister Narendra Modi after being given an extended deadline by the OCA.[21]

On 5 May 2014, the OCA visited some Indonesian cities including Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and Palembang. At this time Surabaya decided to drop their bid to host the Games and instead focus on hosting the already scheduled 2021 Asian Youth Games.[22] On 25 July 2014, during a meeting in Kuwait City, the OCA appointed Jakarta as the host of the Games with Palembang as the supporting host. Jakarta was chosen because of its well-equipped sports facilities, adequate transportation networks, and other facilities such as hotels and lodgings for guests.[23] On 20 September 2014, Indonesia signed the host city contract,[24] and during the closing ceremony of 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, Indonesia was appointed symbolically by the OCA to host the next Games.[25][26][27]

Development and preparations

Costs

By 2015, the central government had allocated a budget of IDR 3 trillion (USD 224 million) to prepare for the Games, with regional administrations also expected to supply some part of the funding.[28] By July 2018, the budget allocation for the Games had been reported to be IDR 6.6 trillion (USD 450 million) including IDR 869 billion (USD 59 million) from sponsorships .[29][30][31] However, on 2 September 2018, Finance Minister of Indonesia disclosed that IDR 8.2 trillion was financed by 2015-2018 state budget, which was used by INASGOC for all preparation, opening, organizing, and finalizing the implementation of the 2018 Asian Games.[32] The total cost for arranging the Games is estimated about USD 3.2 billion, of which USD 2.4 billion being spent on infrastructure development associated with the games.[33][34]

Branding and design

Bhin Bhin, Kaka, and Atung, mascots of the 2018 Asian Games

The initial logo for the 2018 Asian Games was first unveiled on 9 September 2015, in celebration of the country's National Sports Day. The emblem featured a stylised depiction of a cenderawasih, a rare species of a bird in Indonesia.[35] On 27 December 2015, the initial mascot named Drawa was unveiled by Indonesian Vice President Jusuf Kalla.[36] The inspiration for the mascot was the same with the logo.[37]

Organizers withdrew both designs soon after amid heavy criticism for the logo's outdated appearance. The mascot was also criticized for having little connection to Indonesian culture and history (with some Indonesians joking that Drawa looked more like a chicken than a cenderawasih). An open call for a new design was held, resulting in 60 submissions. The final design was unveiled on 28 July 2016 in a press conference; titled Energy of Asia, the emblem was modeled upon the Games' main stadium, the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium, and was intended to symbolize unity among Asian countries.[38][39][40]

On the same press conference,[39] three new mascots were also unveiled. They were Bhin Bhin—a greater bird-of-paradise, Atung—a Bawean deer, and Kaka[note 1]—a Javan rhinoceros. They represent the Eastern, Central, and Western regions of Indonesia[42] and also strategy, speed and strength respectively. Each mascots also wear different clothes: Bhin Bhin wears a vest with Asmat pattern details, Atung wears a Sarong with Batik tumpal pattern, and Kaka wears a Palembang Songket with flower pattern.[43] All three mascots are named after the official national motto of Indonesia, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Both the new emblem and mascots were designed by Feat Studio in Indonesia.[44]

In July 2018, Indonesia Asian Games Organizing Committee (INASGOC) released the medal design to the public, featuring the Asian Games logo and the batik style of all Indonesian regions, reflects the cultural diversity of Indonesia and their unity. In addition to cultural diversity, batik motifs also reflect the diversity of ethnic, religious, and racial Asian communities who participated in the 18th Asian Games.[45]

Marketing and promotion

The 2018 Asian Games Official Merchandise Super Store stood inside the Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex during the Games.

On 18 August 2017, simultaneous events were held at Jakarta's National Monument and Palembang's Benteng Kuto Besak to mark the one-year milestone before the Games. The event in Jakarta was attended by president Joko Widodo, and featured performances by Taeyeon and Kim Hyo-yeon of K-pop group Girls' Generation. Countdown clocks were unveiled at the Selamat Datang Monument and in front of Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium.[46][47]

Several fun run events had been held in some Asian countries since December 2017 starting with Lahore, Pakistan which was the first city to organise the fun run event.[48]

On May 2018, an event marking 100-day milestone before the Games was held, featuring the introduction of Asian Games torch. The torch design is inspired by traditional weapons named golok from Jakarta and skin from Palembang, South Sumatra.[49]

Official songs

On 13 July 2018, the Indonesia Asian Games Organizing Committee (INASGOC) released an official music album of the 2018 Asian Games titled Energy of Asia: Official Album of Asian Games 2018. The album consists of 13 songs involves several cross-genre musical artists.[50]

Torch relay

Indonesian badminton legend Susi Susanti carried a torch fire during the Asian Games Torch Relay Concert in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The torch relay began at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium in New Delhi, host of the 1st Asian Games, on 15 July 2018. The flame was generated from a parabolic mirror directed straight at the sun.[51] On 18 July 2018, a ceremony took place in Brahma field by the 9th century Hindu temple of Prambanan near Yogyakarta, where the torch's flame from India were fused together with an Indonesian natural eternal flame taken from Mrapen, Central Java. Subsequently, the Torch Relay Concert were performed marking the start of torch relay throughout the country.[52]

The relay travelled through 54 cities in 18 provinces in Indonesia, including host cities. The relay covered a total distance of 18,000 kilometres (11,000 mi).[53] The relay finished on 17 August, the 73rd anniversary of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in the National Monument, Jakarta before being carried into the opening ceremony at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium the next day.[51]

Venues and infrastructures

Venues

For the Games, some venues were built, some were renovated, and prepared across four provinces in Indonesia: Jakarta, South Sumatra, Banten, and West Java. The facilities for the Asian Games 2018 were located in the capital city of Jakarta and Palembang (South Sumatra), in four different sports clusters (three in Jakarta and one in Palembang). However, 15 arenas for matches and 11 training arenas in West Java and Banten which shares border with Jakarta, were also used to support the Games.[54] In total, there were 80 venues for competitions and training prepared.[55] The organisation hopes to keep the cost down by using the existing sports facilities and infrastructure, including those venues built for the 2011 Southeast Asian Games,[28] and after the test event of the 2018 Asian Games in February, INASGOC moved several sports that will be held in Jakarta International Expo to Jakarta Convention Center.[56]

Jakarta

Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium hosted the ceremonies and athletics

Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex in Jakarta alone hosted 13 sports after renovation. The 55-year-old Main Stadium's capacity was reduced from around 88,000 to 77,193. A facial recognition system was installed at the stadium in anticipation of terror threats. The Jakarta International Velodrome at Rawamangun in East Jakarta was rebuilt, at a cost of US$ 40 million for cycling, badminton, futsal, basketball, and wrestling.[57] An equestrian facility was renovated at Pulomas with a cost of US$ 30.8 million, which could host up to 1,000 spectators.[58] It was equipped with 100 stables, athletes lodging, an animal hospital, training places, and a parking area on a 35-hectare plot of land.

Palembang

Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium hosted the final of women's football

Jakabaring Sport City complex at Palembang hosted for other sports events. Several plans were raised to add and improve the facilities in the complex, including a capacity upgrade of Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium from 36,000 to 60,000 seats. This was cancelled later and instead the capacity was decreased to 23,000 after the instalment of individual seats to the entire stadium concrete tribunes along with pitch and other facilities improvements in the stadium.[59] The new venue in Jakabaring Sport City was a 40-lane bowling alley which was completed in late May 2018.[60] Eight additional tennis courts was built in the complex for the Games.[61] The length of canoeing and rowing venue in Jakabaring Lake was extended to 2,300 meters along with rowing facilities and a tribune which was built on the lake shore.[62] Other existing venues which was used for Games were also renovated, including Ranau Sports Hall as sepak takraw venue.[63]

Athletes' Village

Athletes Village in Jakarta was built at Kemayoran on an area of 10 hectares land, which had 7,424 apartments in 10 towers. Total accommodation capacity of 22,272 at the village exceeded International Olympic Committee standards, which require Olympics hosts to provide rooms for at least 14,000 athletes. The Athletes Village inside the Jakabaring Sport City at Palembang housed 3,000 athletes and officials.[64][65]

Transport

Ampera LRT Station, one of 13 stations of Palembang LRT

As part of the Games preparation, the construction of the Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT was accelerated, though neither were ready for general commercial operation at the time of the opening ceremonies.[66] A line of Jakarta LRT connected the athletes' village at Kemayoran in Central Jakarta to the Velodrome at Rawamangun in East Jakarta. City bus operator TransJakarta added 416 buses to serve the officials,[67] and also provide free rides on selected days during the Games.[68]

Palembang upgraded their transportation facilities ahead for the Games by building 25 kilometres of the Palembang Light Rail Transit from Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport to Jakabaring Sport City which opened for public use in July 2018.[69][70] Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport is expanding its existing arrival and departure terminals to increase its capacity and also connecting the airport with the light rail transit (LRT) terminal by building a skybridge.[71] Other transportation facilities such as toll roads, flyovers, and bridges will be also built in and around the city.[72]

The Games

Opening ceremony

Opening ceremony

The opening ceremony started at 19:00 Western Indonesian Time (UTC+7) on Saturday, 18 August 2018. Wishnutama, CEO of Indonesian TV network NET was the creative director for the ceremony.[73] The ceremony stage showcased a towering 26 meter-high mountain with a waterfall as its background, accompanied by Indonesian plants and flowers.[74] North and South Korea delegates marched together under one unified flag of Korea, which marked the first time both countries did so in the Asian Games after 12 years.

The games was officially opened by the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo.[74]

Sports

In March 2017, the Olympic Council of Asia initially announced that the Games would feature 484 events in 42 sports, including the 28 permanent Olympic sports contested at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the five additional sports that will be contested at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, as well as events in other non-Olympic sports.[75] In April 2017, the OCA approved reductions in the programme in response to cost concerns; belt wrestling, cricket, kurash, skateboarding, sambo, and surfing were dropped from the programme, and there was to be a reduced number of competitions in bridge, jet ski, jujitsu, paragliding, sport climbing, taekwondo (in particular, all non-Olympic weight classes), and wushu. These changes reduced the total number of events to 431.[76][77]

The final programme was unveiled in September 2017, increasing it to 465 events in 40 disciplines[3] as the second-largest programme in Asian Games history. Additional disciplines being introduced at the 2020 Summer Olympics were also added, including 3x3 basketball and BMX freestyle.[78]

For the first time in Asian Games history, eSports and canoe polo were contested as demonstration sports in the Games. Six video game titles, most notably Pro Evolution Soccer 2018, were featured in the eSports events.[79][80]

Demonstration sports

Participating National Olympic Committees

All 45 members of the Olympic Council of Asia participated in the games.[81] North Korea and South Korea competed as a unified team in some events under the name "Korea" (COR), as they did at the 2018 Winter Olympics, making it the 46th participant of the Games. Both nations also marched together under one flag during the opening and closing ceremonies.[82]

Originally set to compete as Independent Asian Athletes, the Kuwaitis were allowed to compete under their own flags just two days before the opening ceremony.[83]

Below is a list of all the participating NOCs. The number of competitors per delegation is indicated in brackets.

Participating National Olympic Committees[84]
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees (by highest to lowest)

Calendar

 OC  Opening ceremony  ●   Event competitions  1  Gold medal events  CC  Closing ceremony Sources: [115][116]
August/September 10
Fri		 11
Sat		 12
Sun		 13
Mon		 14
Tue		 15
Wed		 16
Thu		 17
Fri		 18
Sat		 19
Sun		 20
Mon		 21
Tue		 22
Wed		 23
Thu		 24
Fri		 25
Sat		 26
Sun		 27
Mon		 28
Tue		 29
Wed		 30
Thu		 31
Fri		 1
Sat		 2
Sun		 Events
Ceremonies OC CC N/A
Archery ● ● ● ● ● ● 4 4 8
Artistic swimming ● 1 1 2
Athletics 4 11 7 7 9 10 48
Badminton ● ● ● 2 ● ● ● ● 2 3 7
Baseball ● ● ● ● ● 1 1
Basketball

5 x 5

 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2

3 x 3

 ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
Bowling 1 1 1 1 ● 2 6
Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 10
Bridge ● ● ● ● ● ● 3 ● ● ● ● 3 6
Canoeing Slalom ● 2 2 4
Sprint ● 6 ● 6 12
Traditional boat race 2 2 1 5
Cycling BMX (race) 2 2
Mountain bike 2 2 4
Road 1 1 2 4
Track 2 3 2 3 4 14
Diving 2 2 2 2 2 10
Equestrian

Dressage

 1 ● 1 2

Eventing

 ● ● 2 2

Jumping

 ● 1 1 2
Fencing 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
Field hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Golf ● ● ● 4 4
Gymnastics Artistic 1 1 2 5 5 14
Rhythmic 1 1 2
Trampoline 2 2
Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Jet ski ● 1 2 1 4
Judo 4 5 5 1 15
Jujitsu 3 3 2 8
Kabaddi ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
Karate 4 4 4 12
Kurash 3 2 2 7
Modern pentathlon 1 1 2
Paragliding ● ● 2 2 ● ● ● ● 2 6
Pencak silat ● ● ● ● 8 8 16
Roller sports

Roller skating

 2 2
Skateboarding ● 4 4
Rowing ● ● ● ● 8 7 15
Rugby sevens ● ● 2 2
Sailing ● ● ● ● ● 10 10
Sambo 2 2 4
Sepaktakraw ● ● ● 2 ● ● 1 ● ● 1 ● ● ● 2 6
Shooting 2 4 3 2 2 3 2 2 20
Soft tennis ● 2 1 ● 2 5
Softball ● ● ● ● 1 1
Sports climbing 2 ● ● 2 2 6
Squash ● ● ● 2 ● ● ● ● ● 2 4
Swimming 7 7 7 8 6 6 41
Table tennis ● ● 2 ● 1 ● 2 5
Taekwondo 4 3 3 2 2 14
Tennis ● ● ● ● ● 2 3 5
Triathlon 1 1 1 3
Volleyball Beach ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Indoor ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
Water polo ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2
Weightlifting 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 15
Wrestling 5 5 4 4 18
Wushu 1 2 3 2 6 14
Daily medal events 21 29 28 33 42 37 26 36 39 29 36 34 30 44 1 465
Cumulative Total 21 50 78 111 153 190 216 252 291 320 356 390 420 464 465
Demonstration sports

Canoe polo

 ● ● 2 2
eSports 1 1 ● 1 1 1 1 6
August/September 10
Fri		 11
Sat		 12
Sun		 13
Mon		 14
Tue		 15
Wed		 16
Thu		 17
Fri		 18
Sat		 19
Sun		 20
Mon		 21
Tue		 22
Wed		 23
Thu		 24
Fri		 25
Sat		 26
Sun		 27
Mon		 28
Tue		 29
Wed		 30
Thu		 31
Fri		 1
Sat		 2
Sun		 Events

Closing ceremony

The closing ceremony started at 19:00 Western Indonesia Time (UTC+7) on Sunday, 2 September 2018 and ended at 21:25. In addition to local artists and a Chinese segment, the South Korean boybands Super Junior and iKon, and Indian singer Sidharth Slathia performed in the ceremony.[117] Mayor of Hangzhou Xu Liyi received the Games flag for the 2022 Games from Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan and South Sumatera Governor Alex Noerdin.[118]

Medal table

China led the medal table for the tenth consecutive time. Korea claimed their first gold medal at the Games in the canoeing women's traditional boat race 500 m event.[119] A total of 37 NOCs won at least one medal, 29 NOCs won at least one gold medal and 9 NOCs failed to win any medal at the Games.

The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below.

  *   Host nation (Indonesia)[120]

2018 Asian Games medal table
RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)1329265289
2 Japan (JPN)755674205
3 South Korea (KOR)495870177
4 Indonesia (INA)*31244398
5 Uzbekistan (UZB)21242570
6 Iran (IRI)20202262
7 Chinese Taipei (TPE)17193167
8 India (IND)15243069
9 Kazakhstan (KAZ)15174476
10 North Korea (PRK)12121337
11–37Remaining NOCs78119205402
Totals (37 NOCs)4654656221552

Concerns and controversies

Before the Games, authorities in Indonesia were confident both host cities would be ready for the Games although have had only four years to prepare rather than the usual six after stepping in to fill the gap when Vietnam, whose city of Hanoi was originally chosen to host these Games by the Olympic Council of Asia, dropped out in 2014 citing concerns over costs. On top of that, work in both host cities was delayed throughout 2015 because government funding was not immediately available.[121]

Various concerns from traffic congestion problems, series of terror attacks, which local police claimed is a pre-Asian Games crackdown on terror suspects and petty street criminals,[122][123] and already-provoked Indonesian fans at the venue.[124][125]

Jakarta struggled with air pollution and river pollution problems.[126] River pollution revealed where authorities covered a foul-smelling river near the athletes' village with black nylon mesh over fears it will be an eyesore at the showpiece event.[127] Governor of Jakarta at that time, and the Indonesian Environment and Forestry Ministry quickly relieved the issues by various solutions.[128][129]

A doping case from a Turkmenistan wrestler was recorded, which put the sport's existence for future Games in jeopardy.[130]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The mascot was named Ika at the time of announcement,[40][41] but it was later renamed Kaka.

References

  1. ↑ Odi Aria Saputra (10 April 2015). "Keppres Asian Games Turun Pertengahan April" (in Indonesian). Sriwijaya Post. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  2. ↑ Prasetya, Muhammad Hary (12 February 2016). "Tema Asian Games 2018, The Energy of Asia, Ini Artinya". Superball.id. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Japan's swimmer Ikee named Asian Games' MVP". Xinhuanet.com. Xinhua News Agency. 2 September 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "18-8-18 start planned for 18th Asian Games". Olympic Council of Asia. 27 January 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  5. ↑ Ade Irma Junida (2 October 2014). "GBK akan direnovasi demi Asian Games 2018" (in Indonesian). Antara. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  6. ↑ Davies, Will (20 September 2014). "Indonesia to Host 2018 Asian Games". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  7. ↑ Butler, Nick. "Asian Games set to be awarded to Jakarta – but in 2018 not 2019". Inside the Games. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  8. ↑ Adamrah, Mustaqim (9 November 2012). "RI loses Asian Games bid to Vietnam". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  9. ↑ Sambidge, Andy (9 November 2012). "UAE denies Asian Games 2019 vote pull-out". Arabian Business. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  10. ↑ Tam, Aaron (9 November 2012). "Hanoi wins race to host 2019 Asian Games: officials". AFP. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  11. ↑ "Hanoi wins race to host 2019 Asian Games". The Star. 8 November 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  12. ↑ "Vietnam lawmakers concerned by mounting cost of Asian Games". Thanh Nien News. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  13. ↑ "Vietnam PM could pull plug on Asian Games". Thanh Nien News. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  14. ↑ "Vietnam backs out as hosts of 2019 Asian Games". Reuters. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  15. ↑ Tre, Tuoi (17 April 2014). "Vietnamese hail PM's decision to relinquish 2019 Asiad". Tuoi Tre. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  16. ↑ "Asian Games: No penalty for Vietnam pullout, says OCA". Channel News Asia. 24 April 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  17. ↑ Thongsombat, Kittipong (30 April 2014). "Trio vying to host 2019 Asian Games". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  18. ↑ "Indonesia favorite to take on 2019 Asiad". Shanghai Daily. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  19. ↑ "Indonesia 'proud' to host 2019 Asiad if selected". The Times of India. 19 April 2014. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  20. ↑ Alinea, Eddie (31 August 2014). "POC bids to host next Asian Games". Manila Standard Today. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  21. ↑ Ganguly, Sudipto (7 July 2014). "India drops plans for late 2019 Asian Games bid". Reuters India. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  22. ↑ "Kesiapan Indonesia Sebagai Calon Tuan Rumah AG 2019 Mulai Dievaluasi". Pikiran Rakyat. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
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  24. ↑ "Indonesia to host 18th Asian Games in 2018". Olympic Council of Asia. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  25. ↑ Butler, Nick (4 October 2014). "Asian Games: The Closing Ceremony". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  26. ↑ Putri Utami (20 March 2014). "Menpora Janji Arena Asian Games 2018 Siap Tahun Ini" (in Indonesian). Okezone. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  27. ↑ DP, Yashinta (16 September 2015). "Pembukaan dan Penutupan Asian Games 2018 diadakan di Jakarta". Antara News. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  28. 1 2 Goddard, Emily (8 January 2015). "Preparations for Jakarta 2018 Asian Games praised by OCA President". inside the games. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  29. ↑ mediaindonesia.com. "Keterlibatan Sponsor di Asian Games Perkecil Beban Pemerintah". Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  30. ↑ "Biaya Asian Games 2018 Rawan Membengkak, Inasgoc Cari Sponsor Baru | sport – Bisnis.com". Bisnis.com. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  31. ↑ Media, Kompas Cyber (6 July 2018). "Pemerintah Antisipasi Bengkaknya Anggaran Asian Games karena Pelemahan Rupiah – Kompas.com". KOMPAS.com. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  32. ↑ "Finance Minister Discloses Amount of State Budget Use for Asian Games 2018". Netral News. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  33. ↑ "How Indonesia is gearing up for the 2018 Asian Games". Asian Correspondent. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  34. ↑ "2018 Asian Games: Time for Indonesia to shine". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  35. ↑ Prathivi, Niken (10 September 2015). "Asian Games logo expected to inspire high performance". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  36. ↑ "JK Resmikan Logo dan Maskot Asian Games 2018". Republika.co.id (in Indonesian). 27 December 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  37. ↑ Nistanto, Reska K. (1 January 2016). "Ini Kata Pelaku Industri Kreatif Soal Maskot Asian Games". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  38. ↑ Wardhani, Dewanti A. "Ministry to change logo, mascot after outcry". thejakartapost.com. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  39. 1 2 Etchells, Daniel (29 July 2016). "Official logo and mascots relaunched for 2018 Asian Games". Inside the Games. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  40. 1 2 Parlina, Ina (29 July 2016). "RI gets down to business with new logo, cute mascots". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  41. ↑ "Meet Bhin-bhin, Ika, Atung, Asian Games 2018 Mascots - Jakarta Globe". 28 July 2016.
  42. ↑ White, Jonathan (17 August 2018). "Asian Games mascots: how does 2018 trio of Bhin Bhin, Atung and Kaka compare to creations of decades past?". South China Post. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  43. ↑ "Logo & Mascot 18th Asian Games 2018" (PDF).
  44. ↑ "Asian Games 2018". Jakarta: Feat Studio.
  45. ↑ antaranews.com. "Asian Games medals reflect Indonesian culture: Inasgoc – ANTARA News". Antara News. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  46. ↑ Zafna, Grandyos. "Layar Hitung Mundur Asian Games Eksis di Bundaran HI". detiknews. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
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Preceded by
Incheon		 Asian Games
Jakarta-Palembang
XVIII Asiad (2018)		 Succeeded by
Hangzhou
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