1994 Asian Games

XII Asian Games
Host city Hiroshima, Japan
Motto Asian Harmony
Nations participating 42
Athletes participating 6,828
Events 338 in 34 sports
Opening ceremony 2 October
Closing ceremony 16 October
Officially opened by Akihito
Emperor of Japan
Officially closed by Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah
President of the Olympic Council of Asia
Torch lighter Aki Ichijo
Yasunori Uchitomi
Main venue Hiroshima Park Main Stadium
<  Beijing 1990 Bangkok 1998  >

The 1994 Asian Games (Japanese: 1994年アジア競技大会, 1994-nen Ajia kyōgi taikai), also known as the XII Asiad and the 12th Asian Games, were held from October 2 to 16, 1994, in Hiroshima, Japan. The main theme of this edition was to promote peace and harmony among Asian nations. It was emphasized by the host because the venue was the site of the first atomic bomb attack 49 years earlier. Due to the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was suspended from the games.[1][2]

There were a total number of 6,828 athletes and officials involved, from 42 countries, with a total number of 34 events. Debut sports at this edition of the Asiad were baseball, karate and modern pentathlon.[1]

Bidding process

In 1983, two cities in Asia demonstrated interest to host the 1990 Asian Games, one was Beijing in the People's Republic of China and the other was Hiroshima in Japan.The two appeared before the Olympic Council of Asia, during a meeting of the same, the following year in Seoul, that also served as a previous meeting to evaluate the preparations of the city for the next Asian Games and also for the 1988 Summer Olympics. Beijing eventually won the right to host the 1990 edition, while Hiroshima, when presenting an excellent technical level application, was ratified as the venue of the 1994 Games.[3]

34 votes were needed for selection.

1990 Asian Games bidding result
City Country Votes
Beijing China44
Hiroshima Japan23

Development and preparation

Venues

Hiroshima
Yamaguchi
Host cities of the 1994 Asian Games
Hiroshima
Hiroshima Big Arch
  • Main Stadium - Opening and closing ceremonies, Athletics, Football (finals)
  • Regional Park Stadium Field 1 - Football (Group stage)
  • Regional Park Stadium Field 2 - Hockey
  • Tennis court - Tennis
Hiroshima Institute of Technology
  • Tsuru Memorial Center - Badminton
  • Equestrian ground - Equestrian, Modern pentathlon (Equestrian)
Others
  • Hiroshima Municipal Stadium - Baseball
  • Hiroshima Sogo Ground Baseball Park - Baseball
  • Hiroshima Velodrome - Cycling (Track)
  • Hiroshima Sun Plaza - Gymnastics, Judo
  • Hiroshima Big Wave Pool - Aquatics, Modern pentathlon (Swimming)
  • Hiroshima Shudo University - Softball, Kabaddi
  • Hiroshima University of Economics - Basketball
  • Hiroshima Prefectural Sports Center - Gymnastics, Volleyball
  • Naka Ward Sports Center - Boxing
  • Higashi To Ward Sports Center - Handball
  • Aki Ward Sports Center - Karate, Taekwondo, Wushu
  • Saeki Ward Sports Center - Sepak takraw, Weightlifting
  • Asakita Ward Sports Center - Table tennis
  • Higashi Stadium East Hiroshima Park - Wrestling
  • Seibu Kyuryo Toshi Clay Shooting Range - Shooting
  • Hiroden bowl - Bowling
  • Hiroshima Kanon Marina - Sailing
  • Central Tennis Stadium - Soft tennis
  • Fukuyama Ashida River - Rowing
  • Senogawa Park - Archery
  • Otake Stadium - Basketball
  • Kure Nikoh Baseball Stadium - Baseball
  • Haji Dam - Canoeing
  • Tsutsuga Rifle Shooting Range - Shooting, Modern pentathlon (Shooting)
  • Hiroshima Country Club - Golf
  • Municipal central forest park - Cycling (Individual time trial)
  • Mihara Region Plaza - Fencing, Modern Pentathlon (Fencing, Running)
  • Hiroshima Stadium - Football (Group Stage)
  • Miyoshi Athletic Stadium - Football (Group Stage)
  • Bingo Athletic Stadium - Football (Group stage)
  • Fukuyama Takegahana Stadium - Football (Women)
Yamaguchi

Marketing

The emblem of the games is an abstract image of a dove, symbol of peace, which resembles the letter 'H' initial as in the host city name Hiroshima, reflecting Hiroshima's desire for peace. The OCA emblem is the symbol of Asian Games as a whole which resembles athlete in motion.[4]

Mascot

Official mascots

The official mascot of the XII Asiad is a pair of white doves. Poppo and Cuccu, male and female respectively, represent peace and harmony - the main theme of this edition of the Asian Games.[2] They were designed by well-known manga artist and character designer Susumu Matsushita.

The games

Participating nations

National Olympic Committees (NOCs) are named according to their official IOC designations and arranged according to their official IOC country codes in 1994.[1]

Sports

Calendar

 OC Opening ceremony    Event competitions  1 Gold medal events  CC Closing ceremony
October 1994 1st
Sat		 2nd
Sun		 3rd
Mon		 4th
Tue		 5th
Wed		 6th
Thu		 7th
Fri		 8th
Sat		 9th
Sun		 10th
Mon		 11th
Tue		 12th
Wed		 13th
Thu		 14th
Fri		 15th
Sat		 16th
Sun		 Events
Archery 1 1 2 4
Athletics 2 4 7 3 10 9 8 43
Badminton 2 5 7
Baseball 1 1
Basketball 1 1 2
Bowling 2 2 2 4 2 12
Boxing 12 12
Canoeing 7 6 13
Cycling – Road 1 2 3
Cycling – Track 2 2 3 7
Diving 2 2 4
Equestrian 1 1 1 1 4
Fencing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Field hockey 1 1 2
Football 1 1 2
Golf 4 4
Gymnastics – Artistic 1 1 2 10 14
Gymnastics – Rhythmic 1 1 2
Handball 1 1 2
Judo 4 4 4 4 16
Kabaddi 1 1
Karate 4 4 3 11
Modern pentathlon 2 2
Rowing 12 12
Sailing 7 7
Sepaktakraw 1 1
Shooting 4 6 4 2 4 4 6 4 34
Soft tennis 2 2 4
Softball 1 1
Swimming 4 5 5 5 6 6 31
Synchronized swimming 2 2
Table tennis 1 1 3 2 7
Taekwondo 4 4 8
Tennis 1 1 5 7
Volleyball 1 1 2
Water polo 1 1
Weightlifting 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 19
Wrestling 5 5 5 5 20
Wushu 1 2 3 6
Daily medal events1416222817234235221736322410338
CeremoniesOCCC
October 1994 1st
Sat		 2nd
Sun		 3rd
Mon		 4th
Tue		 5th
Wed		 6th
Thu		 7th
Fri		 8th
Sat		 9th
Sun		 10th
Mon		 11th
Tue		 12th
Wed		 13th
Thu		 14th
Fri		 15th
Sat		 16th
Sun		 Total
events

Medal table

The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, Japan, is highlighted.

  *   Host nation (Japan)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)1268357266
2 Japan (JPN)*647579218
3 South Korea (KOR)635664183
4 Kazakhstan (KAZ)27252779
5 Uzbekistan (UZB)11121942
6 Iran (IRI)99826
7 Chinese Taipei (TPE)7132444
8 India (IND)431623
9 Malaysia (MAS)421319
10 Qatar (QAT)41510
11–32Remaining205891169
Totals (32 nations)3393374031079

Doping scandal

The Chinese had 11 athletes test positive for the banned drugs and anabolic steroids at the 1994 Asian Games.[5] Less than a month before the Asian Games scandal at the 1994 world championships in Rome the Chinese had won 12 of the 16 women's swimming titles, with two of those nine world champions among those who tested positive at the Asian games.[6][7][8][9][10]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Past Asian Games – Hiroshima 1994 Asian Games". beijing2008.cn (official website of 2008 Beijing Olympics). November 22, 2006. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  2. 1 2 "12th Asian Games Hiroshima 1994 - Poppo & CuCCu". GAGOC. gz2010.cn (official website of 2010 Asian Games). April 27, 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  3. ↑ "The 11th Asian Games : Beijing, China". Hangzhou 2022 Official Website. 4 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "Outline". Archived from the original on 1998-02-05.
  5. ↑ "10 Drug Scandals–Chinese swim team". cbc.ca (CBC Sports Online). January 19, 2003. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  6. ↑ Parr, Derek (July 13, 2000). "Chinese World Record-Holder Tests Positive for Steroids". swimmingworldmagazine.com (Swimming World Magazine). Archived from the original on 2012-09-02. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  7. ↑ Wolff, Alexandra (October 16, 1995). "The China Syndrome". sportsillustrated.com (Sports Illustrated). Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  8. ↑ "OLYMPICS; Drug Sleuths' Surprise Produces a Breakthrough". The New York Times. 18 December 1994. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  9. ↑ "Swimming: Two-year ban for Chinese". The Independent. HighBeam Research. 13 December 1994. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  10. ↑ "Asian Games". The Washington Post. HighBeam Research. 5 December 1994. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
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