Events
- According to official statistics there were 4,075 Jewish immigrants during 1931.[1]
- 5 January - Third Jewish Assembly of Representatives election.
- 10 April - The right-wing "revisionist" Zionist armed underground paramilitary group "Irgun" (meaning "Organization", a short form for the full name "National Military Organization", whose acronym in Hebrew is pronounced "Etzel") is founded by Avraham Tehomi together with several other former Haganah commanders. The founders had left the Haganah due to their objection to the official policy of havlagah (restraint), which Jewish political leaders (who had become increasingly controlling of the Haganah) had imposed on the militia, and they demanded more decisive action against the rising Arab violence which targeted Palestinian Jews.
- 11 April - Three members of kibbutz Yagur were killed by members of a local Arab gang.
- 18 November - The 1931 census of Palestine is carried out by the Mandate authorities under the direction of Major E. Mills.
- 22 December - Two members of Nahala Moshav, a man and his son, killed when a bomb was thrown into their home. The attack is attributed to members of the Black Hand Gang.
Notable births
- 17 January - Yaakov Gil, Israeli politician (died 2007)
- 8 August - Yehoshua Matza, Israeli politician
- 16 May - Geula Zylberman, Jewish-Palestinian born Venezuelan artist
- 24 May - Eliezer Goldberg, Israeli jurist, judge on the Israeli Supreme Court and former State Comptroller of Israel
- 5 September - Amnon Rubinstein, Israeli law scholar, politician, and columnist
- 20 September - Haya Harareet, Israeli actress
- 21 September - Shmuel Auerbach, Israeli Haredi rabbi and posek (died 2018)
- 8 October - Sara Kishon, Israeli musician, author, and art collector (died 2002)
- 17 November - Amira Sartani, Israeli politician
- 27 November - Yaakov Ziv, Israeli computer scientist
- Full date unknown
- Michal Har'el, Israeli beauty queen (died 2012)
- Naim Attallah, Palestinian Arab businessman and writer
- Ruth Horam, Israeli painter and sculptor
- Avraham Katz, Israeli politician
- Farouk Kaddoumi, Palestinian Arab, senior member of Fatah
- Shaul Foguel, Israeli mathematician
- Taha Muhammad Ali, Israeli Arab poet (died 2011).
- Aki Orr, Israeli writer and anti-Zionist political activist (died 2013)
- Ram Karmi, Israeli architect (died 2013)
Notable deaths
- 16 April - Rachel Bluwstein (commonly referred to as "Rachel the poetess") (born 1890), Russia-born Palestinian Jewish poet.