Șcheii Brașovului
Şcheii Braşovului (Hungarian: Bolgárszeg, German: Belgerei or more recently Obere Vorstadt; traditional Romanian name: Bulgărimea, colloquially Şchei) is an old ethnically Bulgarian and Romanian neighborhood of Braşov, Romania. This village-like section of the town is mostly made up of small houses built along narrow roads with gardens and small fields on the sides of the mountains. Until the 17th century, the inhabitants of Şchei were forbidden from owning property inside the city walls. They could only enter the town at certain times and had to pay a toll at the Catherine's Gate for the privilege of selling their produce inside the town. Catherine's Gate was the only entrance for the Romanians — they were not allowed to use the other four entrances. It was in Şchei that Braşov's first Romanian School was established, next to the Romanian Orthodox church of St. Nicholas.
The Şchei are ethnic Bulgarians who later adopted the Romanian language and ethnic identity.[1] According to Radu Tempea's Istoria besérecei Şchéilor Braşovului manuscript of 1899, the Bulgarians arrived in Braşov in 1392. Their arrival is linked to the reconstruction of the Black Church, which had been destroyed by the Tatars in the 13th century, the reconstruction beginning in 1385.[2]
| “ | The beginning of the construction of this neighbourhood dates according to all information that I can find to the 14th century, in which the city church began to be built in 1385. Because there was a lack of enough craftsmen for this important construction due to the Burzenland markets and villages being busy with the building of their churches and castles at the time and not being able to provide enough workers except for the supply of stones, so the people of Kronstadt were forced to let workers from the neighbouring provinces come into the city. For this reason, from Bulgaria came those known to us as Belger, who, in part because of the long work on the church construction, in part because they liked the successful times here, settled here as residents, at the place we still call the Belgerei, by the good work of the laudable Magistrate.[3] | ” |
By the beginning of the 19th century, the Bulgarian population of Şcheii Braşovului had been gradually Romanianized. An 1829 statistic on the population of Bolgárszeg, which stated the neighbourhood had a population of 5,829, did include Bulgari ("Bulgarians") in the list along with Valachi ("Romanians"), but noted no people of that ethnicity.[4]
References
- ↑ Милетич, Любомир (1896). "Брашов и брашовските българите („шкеи", bolgárszeg)". Дако-ромънитѣ и тѣхната славянска писменость. Часть II (in Bulgarian). София: Сборникъ за Народни Умотворения, Наука и Книжнина.
- ↑ Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius, Reiseführer Siebenbürgen, Thaur bei Innsbruck 1993, pp. 365.
- ↑ Thomas Tartler und Josef Trausch, Collectanea zu einer Geschichte v. Kronstadt. Original text in German:
"Den ersten Anfang des Anbanes dieser Vorstadt setzen alle Nachrichten, die ich finde, in die Zeit des 14 Seculi, in welchem die hiesige Stadkirche 1385 gebauet za werden anfing. Da es nämlich bei diesem wichtigen Bau an genugsamen Handleuthen aus iler Ursache fehlte, weil die Burzenländer Märkte und Dörfer zu gleicher Zeit mit Erbauung ihrer Kirchen und Schlösser beschäftigt waren and daher ausser der Zufuhr der Steine nicht zulängliche Arbeiter an die Stadt abgeben konnten: so waren die Kronstädter genöthigt, sich aus den benachbarten Provinzen Arbeitsleute kommen zu lassen. Auf diese Veranlassung kammen aus Bulgarien die von uns sogenannten Belger hieher, welche theils wegen der Langwierigkeit des Kirchenbaues, theils wegen der damaligen hier sehr wohlfeilen Zeit sich gefallen liessen, an diesem Orte, welchen wir noch die Belgerey nennen, mit Vergünstigung des löblichen Magistrates sich wohnhaft niederzulassen." - ↑ Милетич, p. 19.