< Vietnamese
  • There are 17 single consonants:
VowelsPhonemeEnglish equivalent sounds
b/ɓ/but
c/k/sky
d/z/zoo (Northern)
d/j/yes (Southern & Central)
đ/ɗ/do
g/ɣ/go
h/h/hat
k/k/sky
l/l/long
m/m/me
n/n/no
p/p/sport
q/k/square
r/z/zoo (Northern)
r/ɹ/run (Southern & Central)
s/s/stay (Northern)
s/∫/show (Southern & Central)
t/t/stop
v/v/video
x/s/see


  • There are 11 consonant digraphs:
VowelsPhonemeEnglish equivalent sounds
ch/c/cha-cha
gh/ɣ/go
gi/z/zoo (Northern)
gi/j/yes (Southern & Central)
kh/x/loch
nh/ɲ/canyon
ng/ŋ/sing
ph/f/Philip
th/tʰ/as in top (aspirated "t"), not as in thin
tr/c/cha-cha (Northern)
tr/ʈʂ/straw (Southern and Central)
qu/kw/square

There is one consonant trigraph: ngh /ŋ/: nghỉ, nghiêm, nghiêng

  • There are 8 final consonants:
VowelsPhonemeEnglish equivalent sounds
c/k/rack
ch/k/sick (cut in the South)
m/m/gym
n/n/ban
nh/ɲ/canyon
ng/ŋ/sing
p/p/tap
t/t/pat
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