< Polish
Polish nouns are classified as singular (name for one thing) or plural (name for more than one thing)
To make singular feminine nouns plural, look at the penultimate letter to decide what to change the -a to:
| Singular | Plural | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -ka, -ga | -ki, -gi | noga – nogi (leg – legs) |
| -ca, -ea, -ia, -ja, -la, -ża (-rza) | -ce, -ee, -ie, -je, -le, -że (-rze) | róża – róże (rose – roses) |
| -[everything else] + a | -[everything else] + y | torba – torby (bag – bags) |
Remember that rz also sounds like ż
- burza – burze (storm – storms)
To make neuter nouns plural, change the -o, -e, or -um to -a
- okno – okna
- muzeum – muzea
The plurals of nouns ending in -ę are irregular and will not be covered at this time.
To make masculine nouns plural, look at the last letter. They follow similar rules to feminine nouns.
| Singular | Plural | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -k, -g | -ki, -gi | bok – boki (side – sides) |
| -c, -j, -l, -ż (-rz) | -ce, -je, -le, -że (-rze) | garaż – garaże (garage – garages) |
| -ć, -ń, -ś, -ź | -cie, -nie, -sie, -zie | koń – konie (horse – horses) |
| -[everything else] | -[everything else] + y | las – lasy (forest – forests) |
Exercises
Given the plural noun and its gender below, make it singular (Click "▼" to check your answer):
szkoły (f)
szkoła
komputery (m)
komputer
nauczyciele (m)
nauczyciel
okna (n)
okno
soki (m)
sok
idee (f)
idea
pociągi (m)
pociąg
łóżka (n)
łóżko
lekcje (f)
lekcja
konie (m)
koń
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