< Old English
Introduction:
Introduction -
Grammar -
Orthography -
I-mutation
Grammar:
Nouns -
Pronouns -
Articles -
Adjectives -
Numbers -
Verbs -
Participles -
Adverbs -
Conjunctions -
Prepositions -
Interjections -
Appositives -
Word Formation -
Spoken Old English
Introduction
Old English as a language was spoken from around 450 AD to around 1100 AD in England. Like all spoken languages, it had its dialects, and it evolved in both vocabulary and form. However, the majority of written Old English is in the West Saxon dialect, and that is the dialect exemplified here.
Standard Pleasantries
| Old English | English |
|---|---|
| Ƿes þū hāl!/Sīe hal!/Hāl ƿes þū!/Bēo ġesund! | Hello |
| Ƿesaþ hāle/hāla!/Bēoþ gesunde! | Hello all |
| Ƿes þū hāl! | Goodbye |
| Ƿesaþ ġē hāle! | Goodbye all |
| Hū gǣþ hit mid þē? | How goes it with you? |
| Hū færest þū? | How are you? |
| Iċ eom ġesund. | I am well |
| And þē?/And inc?/And ēoƿ? | And you? (1, 2, many) |
| Iċ þē þancas dō/Iċ þancie þē/Iċ seċġe þē þancas | Thank you (singular) |
| Iċ ēoƿ þancas dō/Iċ þancie ēoƿ/Iċ seċġe ēoƿ þancas | Thank you (plural) |
Getting Acquainted
| Old English | English |
|---|---|
| Hū hāttest (hǣtst) þū/Hƿæt is þīn nama? | What is your name? |
| Mīn nama is Iulius/Iċ hātte Iulius. | My name is Julius. I am called Julius. |
| Hƿanon cōme þū/cōmon git/gē? | Where did you come from? |
| Hƿǣr ƿunast þū? | Where do you live? |
| Iċ ƿunie in anum hūse/ anre ƿununge. | I live in a house. |
| Neart þū Paula? | Aren't you Paula? |
| Nō Paula, ac Paulan dohtor, iċ eom Maria. | Not Paula, but I am Paula's daughter, Maria. |
| And þū, hƿā eart þū? | And you, who are you? |
| Iċ eom Paulus. | I am Paul. |
| Eart þu ǣƿfæst oþþe hægsteald? | Are you married or single? |
| Iċ eom ǣƿfæst mann. Ic hæbbe ane ƿīf. | I am (a) married (man). I have a wife. |
| Hƿilc is se nama þæs ƿīfes? | What is the name of the wife? |
| Se nama þæs ƿīfes is Sophia. | The name of the wife is Sophia. |
Miscellaneous
| Old English | English |
|---|---|
| Hū eald eart þū? | How old are you? |
| Hƿǣr ƿunast þū?/Hƿǣr ƿunastu? | Where do you live? |
| Hū fela ġebrōðra and ġesƿeostra hæfst þū? | How many brothers and sisters do you have? |
| Ġēa/Ġese. | Yeah/Yes |
| Nō/Nā/Nese. | No. |
| Ġeƿēne/ƿēn is (þæt...)/ƿēnunge. | Maybe. |
| Hū gǣþ hit for þē todæġ? | How do you do today? |
| Gōd, þancie. | Fine, thank you. |
| Neart þū Paula? | Aren't you Paula? |
| Nō Paula, ac Paulae dohtor, eom iċ Maria. | Not Paula, but I am Paula's daughter, Maria. |
| And þū, hƿā eart þū? | And you, who are you? |
| Iċ eom Paulus. | I am Paul. |
| Hƿǣr is þæt sēochūs? | Where is the hospital? |
| Hƿǣr is þæt cachūs/gangærn? | Where is the bathroom? |
| Ēadiġ ġebyrddæġ. | Happy birthday. |
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