< Latin

Common English abbreviations from Latin.

AbbreviationLatinMeaning
A.D.anno dominīyear of (our) lord
A.M.ante meridiembefore noon
C(a).CircaAround(used in dates, as in c. 900)
cf.confercompare
e.g.exemplī gratiafor example
et al.et aliīand others
etc.et ceteraand so on
Ibid.ibidemSame (in a footnote, when referring to the same source as the last footnote)
i.e.id estthat is
P.M.post meridiemafter noon
P.S.post scrīptumpostscript
q.e.dquod erat dēmōnstrandumwhat was to be shown (Science)
q.v.quo videwhich see (when referencing another article in an encyclopedia)
v. or vs.versusagainst
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