< General Chemistry
SI Fundamental Units
These are the seven basic SI units from which all other units are constructed.
| Quantity | Symbol | Unit | Unit Symbol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length | l | metre/meter | m |
| Time | t | second | s |
| Mass | m | kilogram | kg |
| Thermodynamic temperature | T | kelvin | K |
| Amount of substance | n | mole | mol |
| Electrical current | I | ampere | A |
| Luminous intensity | IV | candela | cd |
SI Derived Units
All other units are derived units. They are built from fundamental units. This is a small selection of units that may be found in General Chemistry.
| Quantity | Symbol | Unit | Unit Symbol | Derived From |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Force | F | newton | N | kg·m·s-2 |
| Energy | U | joule | J | kg·m2·s-2 |
| Pressure | P | pascal | Pa | kg·m-1·s-2 |
| Power | watt | W | kg·m2·s-3 | |
| Electrical charge | Q | coulomb | C | A·s |
| Electrical potential | V | volt | V | J·C-1 |
SI Prefixes
A prefix appears before a unit's symbol when expressing very large or very small quantities. For example: 0.001 kg = 1 g = 1000 mg.
| 1000n | 10n | Prefix | Symbol | Decimal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10008 | 1024 | yotta | Y | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
| 10007 | 1021 | zetta | Z | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
| 10006 | 1018 | exa | E | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
| 10005 | 1015 | peta | P | 1 000 000 000 000 000 |
| 10004 | 1012 | tera | T | 1 000 000 000 000 |
| 10003 | 109 | giga | G | 1 000 000 000 |
| 10002 | 106 | mega | M | 1 000 000 |
| 10001 | 103 | kilo | k | 1 000 |
| 102 | hecto | h | 100 | |
| 101 | deca | da | 10 | |
| 10000 | 100 | (none) | (none) | 1 |
| 10−1 | deci | d | 0.1 | |
| 10−2 | centi | c | 0.01 | |
| 1000−1 | 10−3 | milli | m | 0.001 |
| 1000−2 | 10−6 | micro | µ | 0.000 001 |
| 1000−3 | 10−9 | nano | n | 0.000 000 001 |
| 1000−4 | 10−12 | pico | p | 0.000 000 000 001 |
| 1000−5 | 10−15 | femto | f | 0.000 000 000 000 001 |
| 1000−6 | 10−18 | atto | a | 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 |
| 1000−7 | 10−21 | zepto | z | 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001 |
| 1000−8 | 10−24 | yocto | y | 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 |
Solution Concentration Units
| Quantity | Symbol | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molarity | M | mol/L | moles of solute per liter of solution |
| Molality | m | mol/kg | moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |
| Mole Fraction | χ | (none) | moles of solute per moles of solution |
| Parts per million | ppm | (none) | milligrams of solute per kilogram of solution |
| Parts per billion | ppb | (none) | micrograms of solute per kilogram of solution |
Other Useful Units
Volume
| Volume Unit | Conversion | Mass of Water (4 °C) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 L | = 1000 cm3 | 1 kg |
| 1 cm3 | = 1 mL | 1 g |
| 1 m3 | = 1000 L | 1000 kg |
Pressure
| Name | Symbol | Conversion | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atmosphere | atm | = 760 torr | = 101.325 kPa |
| Pascal | Pa | ≈ 7.5 x 10-3 torr | |
| Torr (mm Hg) | torr | ≈ 133.3 Pa | |
| Pound-per-square inch | psi | ≈ 51.7 torr | ≈ 6.894 kPa |
Temperature
One degree Celsius is equal to one Kelvin (in magnitude).
| Name | Symbol | Abs. Zero | M.P. of Water | B.P. of Water |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fahrenheit | °F | -456.67 °F | 32 °F | 212 °F |
| Celsius | °C | -273.15 °C | 0 °C | 100 °C |
| Kelvin | K | 0 K | 273.15 K | 373.15 K |
* Notice it is not "degrees Kelvin".
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