To get a sense of how system security is established about, we must know the generally accepted architecture of cyber security setups. The Open System Interconnect(OSI) security architecture was designated by the ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication). The ITU-T decided that their standard "X.800" would be the ISO security architecture.

This standardized architecture defines security requirements and specifies means by which these requirements might be satisfied.

The OSI architecture focuses on

1. Security attacks
2. Security services
3. Security mechanisms

Security attack

An attack is when the security of a system is compromised by some action of a perpetrator. Attacks could either be active attacks or passive attacks.