Trick Taking Card Games
The object of a trick-taking game is to take (or avoid taking) tricks, or groups of cards played simultaneously or in turn.
There's a further section explaining this style of game on much further detail.
Examples
Families
Matching Games
The object of matching games is to play groups of matching cards before your opponent(s).
Examples:
Casino and Gambling Card Games
Games designed specifically for playing in Casinos or for gambling purposes.
Examples.
Solitaire
Solitaire or Patience style games are typically single player games with a unique set-up with the goal being to get specific cards to the foundations.
Examples:
Shedding Card Games
The object of a shedding game is to get rid of all of one's cards.
Examples:
Accumulating Card Games
The object of an accumulating game is to get all the cards.
Fishing Card Games
Drinking Card Games
Drinking Games are typically designed around drinking, though standard games can be adapted for this purpose.
Examples
Miscellaneous Card Games
All other games that don't fit into one of the above categories.
These games often have unique rules and propriety decks.