< C Programming

The C POSIX library is a language-independent library (using C calling conventions) that adds functions specific to POSIX systems. POSIX (and the Single Unix Specification) specifies a number of routines that should be available over and above those in the C standard library proper. It was developed at the same time as the ANSI C standard and is closely related to C. Some effort was made to make the C and POSIX libraries compatible, but there are a few POSIX functions that were never introduced into ANSI C.

Facilities are often implemented alongside the C standard library functionality, with varying degrees of closeness. For example, glibc implements functions such as fork within libc.so, but before NPTL was merged into glibc it constituted a separate library with its own linker flag. Often, this POSIX-specified functionality will be regarded as part of the library; the C library proper may be identified as the ANSI or ISO C library.

Header files

aio.hAsynchronous input and output.
arpa/inet.hDefinitions for internet operations.
cpio.hMagic numbers for the cpio archive format.
dirent.hAllows the opening and listing of directories.
fcntl.hFile opening, locking and other operations.
fmtmsg.hMessage display structures.
fnmatch.hFilename-matching types.
ftw.hFile tree traversal.
glob.hPathname pattern-matching types.
grp.hUser group information and control.
iconv.hCodeset conversion facility.
langinfo.hLanguage information constants.
libgen.hDefinitions for pattern matching functions.
monetary.hMonetary types.
mqueue.hMessage queues (REALTIME).
ndbm.hDefinitions for ndbm database operations.
net/if.hSockets local interfaces.
netdb.hDefinitions for network database operations.
netinet/in.hInternet address family.
netinet/tcp.hDefinitions for the Internet Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
nl_types.hData types.
poll.hDefinitions for the poll() function.
pthread.hDefines an API for creating and manipulating POSIX threads.
pwd.hPasswd (user information) access and control.
regex.hRegular expression matching types.
sched.hExecution scheduling.
search.hSearch tables.
semaphore.hSemaphores.
spawn.hCreate a new process to run an executable program.
strings.hString operations.
stropts.hSTREAMS interface (STREAMS).
sys/ipc.hInter-process communication (IPC).
sys/mman.hPOSIX memory management declarations.
sys/msg.hPOSIX message queues.
sys/resource.hDefinitions for XSI resource operations.
sys/select.hSelect types.
sys/sem.hPOSIX semaphores.
sys/shm.hXSI shared memory facility.
sys/socket.hMain sockets header.
sys/stat.hFile information (stat et al.).
sys/statvfs.hVFS File System information structure.
sys/time.hTime and date functions and structures.
sys/times.hFile access and modification times structure.
sys/types.hVarious data types used elsewhere.
sys/uio.hDefinitions for vector I/O operations.
sys/un.hDefinitions for UNIX domain sockets.
sys/utsname.huname and related structures.
sys/wait.hStatus of terminated child processes.
syslog.hDefinitions for system error logging.
tar.hMagic numbers for the tar archive format.
termios.hAllows terminal I/O interfaces.
trace.hTracing.
ulimit.hulimit commands.
unistd.hVarious essential POSIX functions and constants.
utime.hFile access and modification times.
utmpx.hUser accounting database definitions.
wordexp.hWord-expansion types.

Standard overlap headers

Headers that overlap/extend the C standard.

assert.hVerify program assertion.
complex.hComplex arithmetic.
ctype.hCharacter types.
fenv.hFloating-point environment.
float.hFloating types.
inttypes.hFixed size integer types.
iso646.hAlternative spellings.
limits.hImplementation-defined constants.
locale.hCategory macros.
math.hMathematical declarations.
setjmp.hStack environment declarations.
signal.hSignals.
stdarg.hHandle variable argument list.
stdbool.hBoolean type and values.
stddef.hStandard type definitions.
stdint.hInteger types.
stdio.hStandard buffered input/output.
stdlib.hStandard library definitions.
string.hString operations.
tgmath.hType-generic macros.
time.hTime types.
wchar.hWide-character handling.
wctype.hWide-character classification and mapping utilities.

References

Bibliography

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