Pronouns and their oblique forms:
In the table below the personal pronouns and their oblique forms are given:
| Thanju | Paalu | English |
|---|---|---|
| naan (en, ena) | naan (en, ena) | I |
| nie (on, ona) | nie (on, ona) | you (sg) |
| nier (om, oma) | nier (om, oma) | you (sg, hon) |
| avan (avan) | avan (avan) | he |
| ava(hl) (avahl) | avahl (avahl) | she |
| avar (avar) | avar (avar) | he / (she) (hon) |
| adhu (adhu) | adhu (adhu) | it |
| naama, namma(hl) (nammahl) | nammahl (nammahl) | we (incl) |
| naanga(hl) (engalh) | naangahl (engahl) | we (excl) |
| nienga(hl) (ongahl) | niengahl (ongahl) | you (pl / sg(hon)) |
| avaa(hl) (avaahl) | avaa(hl) (avaahl) | they (m / f pl, sg(hon)) |
| adhuha(hl) (adhuhahl) | adhuhahl (adhuhahl) | they (n pl) |
The oblique forms given above are followed by postpositions. Pronouns have attributive forms that are placed before nouns as possessive adjectives. The table below gives the attributive forms of pronouns, that is the possessive adjectives.
Possessive Adjectives:
| Thanju | Paalu | English |
|---|---|---|
| en | en | my |
| on | on | your (sg) |
| om | om | your (sg hon) |
| avan | avan | his |
| avahl | avahl | her |
| avar | avar | his (/ her) (hon) |
| adhu | adhu, adhu n | its |
| namma | namma | our (incl) |
| enga | enga | our (excl) |
| onga | onga | your (pl) |
| avaa | avaa | their (m / f) |
| adhuha | adhuha | their (n pl) |
Verb Forms:
The most important forms of verbs in Braahmik are : the imperative form, the infinitive form, the present tense base, the past tense base, the past participle form, the future tense base and the personal endings for the past /present and future tenses.
In the following tables, these forms are grouped as follows :
1) Imperative – Infinitive – Past Participle
2) (Personal Endings for:) Past / Present – (and) Future
3) Imperative – Present Base – Past Base – Future Base
Imperative—Infinitive—Past Participle:
| Imperative | Infinitive | Past Paticiple |
|---|---|---|
| padi 'read, study' | padika | padichu |
| iru 'be' | iruka | irundhu |
| peeszu 'speak, talk; | peesza | peeszi |
| chaapdu, szaapdu 'eat, have food' | chaapda, szaapda | chaaptu, szaaptu |
| oodu 'run' | ooda | oodi |
| nada 'walk' | nadaka | nadandhu |
| po, poo 'go' | pooha | pooy |
| nillu 'stand, stop' | nika | ninnu |
| edu 'take, remove' | eduka | eduthu |
| vizhu 'fall' | vizha | vizhundhu |
| chiri, sziri 'laugh' | chirika, szirika | chirichu, szirichu |
| chollu, szollu 'say, tell' | cholla, szolla | cholli, szolli |
| keehlu 'ask, hear, listen' | keeka | keetu |
| vei 'put, keep' | veika | vechu |
| vei 'scold' | veia | vesszu (mainly Thanju) |
| thitu 'scold' | thita | thiti |
| kaahnu 'meet, be seen' | kaahna | kahndu |
Personal Endings of Past / Present and Future
| Pronoun | Past / Presnet | Future |
|---|---|---|
| naan | en | en |
| nie | e, aay | e, aay |
| nier | ier | ier |
| avan | aan | an. aan |
| ava(hl) | aa(hl) | a(hl) |
| adhu | adhu / dhu* | um* |
| naama, namma(hl) | om | om |
| naanga(hl) | om | om |
| nienga(hl) | ehl | ehl |
| avaa(hl) | aa(hl) | aa(hl) |
| adhuha(hl) | adhu(hahl) / *dhu(hagl) | *um |
Notes:
(*) The future tense 3 rd p. n. ending -um is generally attached to the infinitive form after removing the ending -a.
The present tense and past tense endings also differ (-adhu / -dhu) in the 3 rd p. n. forms..
In the verbs in which the past tense base ends in -in, the 3 rd p. n. ending is -thu (as in oodithu 'it ran') in the past tense.
The forms poochu 'it went' and aachu 'it was over' are prominent exceptions..
Imperative – Present Base – Past Base – Future Base:
| Imperative | Present Base | Past Base | Future Base |
|---|---|---|---|
| padi | padikar | padichu | padipu |
| iru | iruku | irundhu | irupu |
| peeszu | peeszar | peeszin | peeszuv |
| chaapdu, szaapdu | chaapdar, szaapdar | chaaptu, szaaptu | chaapduv, szaapduv |
| oodu, | oodar | oodin | ooduv |
| nada | nadakar | nadandhu | nadapu |
| po, poo | poohar, poor | poon | poov |
| nillu | nikar | ninnu | nipu |
| edu | edukar | eduthu | edupu |
| vizhu | vizhar | vizhundhu | vizhuv |
| chiri, sziri | chirikarm szirikar | chirichu, szirichu | chiripu, sziripu |
| chollum szollu | chollar, szollar | chonn, szonn | cholluv, szolluv |
| keehlu | keekar | keetu | keepu |
| vei | vekar | vechu | vepu |
| vei | veiar | veszzu | veiv |
| thitu | thitar | thitin | thituv |
| kaahnu | kaahnar | kanhd / kand | kaanhuv |